The Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to...

The Influence of One Man After slavery was abolished, African Americans worked to integrate into mainstream American society. During the twentieth century many African American civil rights leaders led the African American civil rights movement. All of them had different ideas and approaches to further improve the status for the African American individual in attempt to gain civil equality. The pioneer civil rights leaders of the twentieth century were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. Their respected ideas were known to have contradicted with each other. Malcolm X, a black supremacist was a member of the NOI (Nation of Islam) and based his platforms of teachings off from religion. Martin Luther King Jr.’s approach towards gaining†¦show more content†¦The African Americans will have to show that they are useful beings that can both excel and perform at challenging jobs. In essence, Washington’s plan was for African Americans to prove themselves to the dominant white race by acqui ring high economic status. (Gibson, 78.02.02: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois: The Problem of Negro Leadership.†) However, Booker T. Washington’s job of accepting white supremacy place African Americans in an inferior position. Civil rights leaders should be working for equality. By mainly going after jobs, African Americans will gain economic status but they will forever be considered inferior because of their skin color. Civil rights will not come along because of economic status. W.E.B. Dubois was the rivaling civil rights leader during the early 20th century. W.E.B. Dubois believed that through political action and education, full-citizenship of African Americans in America would be achieved. At first, he agreed with Booker T. Washington’s teachings, however through time Dubois realized flaws within Washington’s ideas. Dubois, in â€Å"Soul of Black Folk† writes, â€Å"The black men of America have a duty to perform, a duty stern and delicate, -- a forward movement to oppose a part of the work of their greatest leader. So far as Mr. Washington peaches

The Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War - 1612 Words

During 1939-1945, the United States and Soviet Union were involved in the Cold War. When Cuba accepted communism, the United States tried to drive out Cuba’s leader, Castro, during the Bay of Pigs, but it failed (Kauffman). The U.S. were concerned even more when they discovered Soviet Missiles in Cuba. Kennedy had established a quarantine to try and stop weapons coming to Cuba, but it was still a mystery when it came to what Kennedy’s response would be. Many Americans were in favor of using military action to remove the missiles, while critics of military action wanted to negotiate with the Soviets instead. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, John F. Kennedy chose the best course of action to end the crisis because he was able to prevent war, get the Soviet’s to remove their missiles from Cuba, and avoid alienating the United State’s allies. One of the biggest concerns critics had about military force was the fact that it would probably strike a nuclear war w ith the Soviets. Kennedy was aware of this, and decided to establish an arms quarantine. This quarantine made sure that any ships going to Cuba that contained weapons would be turned back so they would never get them (Kennedy). Kennedy claimed that it would not spring a nuclear war, and would help give Krushchev time to think about the situation and remove the missiles (Kennedy). Establishing this quarantine was a great idea because it would allow the United States to look strong, and would help reduce the the risk of themShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the underlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. This was dramatically increased by the second key cause, a series of events that quickly built tensions between the super powers from 1959 such as the U2 incident, JFK’s response to the Berlin Wall, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The third cause was the relationshipRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Big Event During The Cold War897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cuban missile crisis was a big event during the â€Å"Cold War† that almost brought the world into a nuclear catastrophe. In this event the Soviet Union deployed around 100 tactical nuclear weapons to Cuba aiming to land in U.S. territory. The possibilities of a nuclear war was predicted by the president of the United States John F. Kennedy to be around a 33% chances of actually happening. The local Soviet commander in Cuba could have launched these weapons that were sent without additional codesRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Harsh Time During The Cold War1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a harsh time during the Cold War. About 50 years ago the USA and the USSR were at each others throat for a very pointless reason. This b asically started because USSR planted nuclear bombs in Cuba which was pretty close to Florida. John F. Kennedy was the president at this time and he was not to fond of that idea. October 1962, JFK was warned that the USSR had the nuclear weapons set up in Cuba ready to attack and as a result of this situation, Kennedy then also placedRead MoreThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesspeaking about the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy said, It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization† (â€Å"Nuclear Test Ban Treaty† 1). the Cuban Missile Crisis was a time where these two men, Kennedy and Khrushchev, had the power in their hands to end civilization. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importanceRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : Nature Of The Cold War1092 Words   |  5 PagesCOLD WAR ASSIGNMENT (Cuban missile crisis) Nature of the Cold war The cold war was a clash between two superpowers with competing ideologies, or sets of ideas. Although they had been allies against the common enemies of Germany and japan during World War 2, both sides distrusted each other. After the war this distrust evolved into a long term hostility. This era was called the ‘Cold war’ because the two superpowers never directly assaulted each other. This war was very political as it was foughtRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Cold War1323 Words   |  6 PagesWars have been going on since the beginning of time, whether it is fighting for your religions, fighting for land, and fighting for your rights and freedoms. Some wars cause dramatic amounts of deaths, but the Cold War resulted in none. The reason there were no deaths is due to the fact that the Cold War was just that, cold. The conflicts never heated up enough per say to cause a real war. Though the Cold war itself wasn’t a war fought in battle, there were parts c aused by it such as the Korean WarRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a result of what happened at the end of World War 2. At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis And The Soviet Union1062 Words   |  5 Pages During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States took a bold stand against the Soviet Union, Communism, and the installation of nuclear arms in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred between October 14 and October 28, 1962 (â€Å"Cuban Missile C risis Timeline†). During the Cold War Era, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were already high because of the way that World War II ended. The Soviet Union’s decisionRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : A Ten Day Confrontation Between The United States And The Soviet Union 878 Words   |  4 Pages Will Fain Mr. Shea English 2 Honors 25 January 2016 Cuban Missile Crisis Essay The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October of 1962. The stand off was over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the Cold War ever came to a full out nuclear war. The event was broadcasted on television for the world to see causing a global panic, especially in America. John F. Kennedy announced thatRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis as a Turning Point in USA and USSR Essays1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis as a Turning Point in USA and USSR The Cuban Missile Crisis was indeed a turning point in USA and Soviet relations during the Cold War. The event stands in history as one that nearly brought humanity to the brink of destruction and is known as perhaps the single greatest political battle between the two superpowers, the world has ever seen. It also started a dà ©tente that which instigated an end to the arms race between the two nations. Following

Hero Definition Essay Free Essays

How do you know when you’ve seen a hero before your eyes? Most likely in real life they won’t be wearing a cape or suit that identifies themselves as this well known hero. Realistically you’ve never or even possibly ever will see that kind of hero. Why is it that that kind of hero always seems to be the first thing that pops into one’s mind when the word â€Å"hero† is said; that stereotypical hero that always features in movies? We often forget that we’re actually surrounded every single day by heroes. We will write a custom essay sample on Hero Definition Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers, firefighters, you name it, are all considered heroes in one or more peoples’ eyes based on the things they’ve done. A hero not only goes beyond their needs and boundaries to help and encourage others, but also have a strong mind set. Heroes can be looked in the eye and show that they will not back down or give in to the defeat of something they’ve put their mind to. One important quality of heroism is stepping out from their comfort zone to help others in need, as they put aside their own demands. Often times a hero has a choice whether to go and help others or focus on themselves and pay attention to their only needs, but the fact that they put down their focus on themselves to help another shows how a true hero can be distinguished from amongst the crowd. For instance, an example of this quality can be found in the story Love Triumphs: 6 Year Old Becomes a Hero to Band of Toddlers, Rescuers by Ellen Barry. In this story, a little 6 year old boy named Deamonte Love takes on the responsibility of taking care of several other children, including his baby brother and cousins when they all were separated from their parents due to Hurricane Katrina. Deamonte â€Å"promised he’d take care of his brother† after seeing â€Å"his mother cry when he was loaded onto the helicopter† along with the other children to be taken to safety(SB 20). Even if Deamonte was scared, he took the lead role in directing and watching over the children, putting his focus only on the children, encouraging and making them feel safe till they were all reunited again with their parents. This quality of heroism can not only be seen in boys, but also in girls, movies, and real life. Another example that shows this quality is from the movie Mulan. In this particular movie, a young woman, named Mulan poses as a young man and son of his (Mulan’s) father in order to save him from fighting in the war forcefully. Mulan then goes out pretending she is one of the many soldiers in the army and saves her father from serving. What Mulan did not only showed courage but also some determination as well. She had courage to pose as a man in order to save her father from fighting in the war, where also she placed herself in dangerous positions being in the army with no training at all. Doing that Mulan showed how she went beyond her own abilities to help her father. Mulan also showed some determination in how when she was in the army she wanted to prove to many of the other soldiers that she can be considered a real warrior. She also showed determination in which she impersonated a fake son of her father and continued out with her plan just so she knew that her own father with his old age and disabilities would be safe at home. As you can see, Mulan definitely went outside of her limits and surpassed her zone of security and comfort to help and meet the needs of her father. Heroism often calls for the hero to have a strong mind set. Having this quality in a hero means that they are able to change their outlook or attitude on something for the better so they can accomplish their goal. For example, this quality of heroism can be clearly shown in the poem A Man by Nina Cassian. In this poem, a soldier who loses his arm while fighting for his country must overcome his new challenge, continuing life with one arm. Undoubtedly, in the beginning of the poem the soldier recognizes in a very negative way how his life will forever be changed and impacted. Despite his sadness and physical limitations he rises above and looks at being positive, setting â€Å"himself to do everything with twice as much enthusiasm (line 15). † This soldier’s optimism is what helped him conquer the battles both physically and emotionally having to deal with just one arm. He decides to push through this challenge and enjoy life as it comes. His strong mind set was the determination and optimism of bouncing back from what he only thought of negative things and how he was able to change his outlook on his situation. Another example of this quality are the firefighters and policemen doing their job every single day. They portray this trait of a hero by how they have the certainty and bravery to go into any situation knowing that they are there to protect people from harm. One last quality of heroism is how a hero doesn’t give in to the defeat of something. An example of this characteristic of a hero is from October Sky. In this movie, a young teenage boy named Homer Hickman Jr. is expected to work in the coal mines after graduating from high school, just like all the other boys, but dares to refuse that job and instead pursues a passion for science. His passion all started when he wanted to build a rocket. Although nobody believed that he would actually build one, Homer goes on with no support in building a small rocket with the help of a smart classmate. Despite the first failure of his small rocket, Homer continued to chase after his dream of building a rocket until he finally does. His persistent determination and motivation to keep going after having no support in the beginning and having many fail attempts gets him to win a national science fair with a college scholarship. In the very beginning of the movie though, Homer had perseverance when he wanted to make the football team, even though the chances of him making it were clear that he wouldn’t. Despite this though Homer tried and tried over again getting back up after each tackle he received on the football field knowing that football could have gotten him into college. Heroism can be identified and seen in multiple ways. A definition of heroism varies from person to person and can mean more personal to one that has actually identified a hero in their life. A hero not only goes beyond their needs and boundaries to help and encourage others, but also have a strong mind set. Heroes can be looked in the eye and show that they will not back down or give in to the defeat of something they’ve put their mind to. Even though a definition can start or end differently they all have one message that can interpret differently to several people. It comes down to the fact of how you look at the idea of a hero and maybe apply that to your own life. How to cite Hero Definition Essay, Essay examples

Embrace and Change the Future free essay sample

As Robert F. Kennedy perfectly stated â€Å"The victims of the violence are black and white, rich and poor, young and old, famous and unknown. They are, most important of all, human beings whom other human beings loved and needed. † Throughout Mr. Kennedy’s speech â€Å"Mindless Menace of Violence† he used the logos appeal and the rhetorical strategy of prognostication to get the crowd to see the importance of going home after breaking the news of MLK death. The logos appeal, was used perfectly to show the crowd that relations to MLK death weren’t what he would’ve wanted; for he was a man of peace and to respond in violence was against everything MLK stood for. As Mr. Kennedy expressed through his quote â€Å"No wrongs have ever been righted by riots and civil disorders. A sniper is only a coward, not a hero; and an uncontrolled, uncontrollable mob is only the voice of madness, not the voice of reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Embrace and Change the Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He needed them to go home or all the work that he and MLK had put in to get them the civil rights they fought for, would be destroyed as the picture that they portrayed was one of being a savage mob. â€Å"Some look for scapegoats, others look for conspiracies, but this much is clear: violence breeds violence, repression brings retaliation, and only a cleansing of our whole society can remove this sickness from our soul. † This is another statement Robert F. Kennedy made that day, in which he expressed the basis of the whole civil rights movement. That if they wanted to go out and strike back at the white community there would only be violence for their actions. â€Å"For whatever one sows, that will he also reap. † Galatians 6:7, this is a prime example of what Robert F. Kennedy wanted to get to the people through prognostication. Prognostication-the action of foretelling or prophesying possible future outcomes, the comment he made â€Å"We must admit in ourselves that our own childrens future cannot be built on the misfortunes of others. We must recognize that this short life can neither be ennobled nor enriched by hatred or revenge. † Was used to get through the people’s heads, that there must be a change somewhere to make the future one of justice and equality for all so why not here and now? Mr. Kennedy also included a quote in which leaves the listener in retrospect, Among free men, said Abraham Lincoln, there can be no successful appeal from the ballot to the bullet; and those who take such appeal are sure to lose their cause and pay the costs. It shows that even if you’re not show the easy way you can’t take the long road to success. Surely, this bond of common faith, this bond of common goal, can begin to teach us something. Surely, we can learn, at least, to look at those around us as fellow men, and surely we can begin to work a little harder to bind up the wounds among us and to become in our own hearts brothers and countrymen once again. These where some of the most important words of the whole speech because, look at us today the word us is so important to the whole speech because it showed then all to be united no matter the color. If they wouldn’t have taken this speech to heart we all wouldn’t be here, I bet my bottom dollar on that. For we’re together and proud to be who we are, we can look at the society filled with all ethnicities and remember it’s all do in part from Robert F Kennedys heart felt speech and the life he lived.

Argumentative speech Essay Example

Argumentative speech Essay Formal Outline: Argumentative Exercise Topic: The inclusion of electronic cigarettes in Idaho State Universitys smoking ban. General Purpose: To Argue Specific Purpose: To convince the audience that Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in its smoking ban. Thesis Statement: Electronic cigarettes should not be included in Idaho State Universitys smoking ban because: (1) the use of electronic cigarettes helps smokers quit smoking; (2) electronic cigarettes are a cheaper alternative to tobacco; (3) electronic cigarettes do not pose any health risks to bystanders from second hand smoke. Introduction I. Attention getter ] Are you truly concerned about your health? II. [ Topic justification ] Recently, Idaho State University has put in place a smoking ban on campus that includes electronic cigarettes. A. Although they cannot be marketed as a smoking cessation device, electronic cigarettes help users quit smoking. B. Idaho State President Arthur Vailas says the policy is consistent with our focus on health and wellness. ( Idaho State Tribune, 2013) C. I will argue that electronic cigarettes do not impose any unwanted health risks to non-smokers and should not be included in the ban. Ill. [ Credibility statement ]My name is Cameron. I was a smoker for over twenty years. A. Electronic cigarettes provided me a safer alternative to tobacco. B. I did not have to quit cold turkey. C. I would not be smoke free today if it wasnt for electronic cigarettes. D. I have tried nicotine patches, pharmaceuticals, and lozenges. IV. [Thesis statement ] Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in the smoking ban. A. First, electronic cigarettes can help smokers quit smoking. B. Secondly, Electronic cigarettes are by far, a cheaper alternative to tobacco. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer C. Lastly, despite the oppositions claim, electronic cigarettes do not pose any health risks to non-smokers hrough second hand smoke. Transition: Many organizations and businesses offer people ways to help them quit smoking. Although electronic cigarettes are not to be marketed as helping people to quit smoking, they have been studied and proven to be an effective alternative, which is my first argument. Body l. [Constructive argument] Electronic cigarettes have been proven to help smokers quit smoking Just as effectively if not more, than patches. A. A study in New Zealand, reported that after six months of study, electronic cigarettes had a quit rate of 7. 3% versus 5. 8% of those that were given patches (Simon, cancer. rg, Sept 2013). 1 . The test was given to 657 smokers. 2. Study lasted for six months B. Using e-cigarettes cuts mean consumption by two cigarettes per day more than the patch (Phend, MedPagetoday, Sept 2013). Transition: So you can see that studies have proven that e-cigs are a reliable method of smoking cessation. My second argument will snow now e-cigs are a more inexpensive way to quit smoking. II [Constructive argument] Using electronic cigarettes is by far a cheaper avenue to go down than using pharmaceuticals or nicotine patches. A. At Walgreens, their generic box of 170 pieces of nicotine gum costs $49. 9(walgreens. com Oct 2013). 1 . Recommended dosage is at least 9 pieces a day for the first six weeks. 2. In an average month, a user can expect to consume roughly a box and a half costing about $75. 00. B. For $65. 00, an e-cig user can purchase 250 ml of Juice (ecblendflavors. com Sept 2013). 1. Average users have a consumption of 3-4 ml per day (International Journal of Environmental research and public health, 2013). . For the $65. 00 spent, a user is supplied for nearly 63 days. Transition: It is easy to see that quitting smoking with electronic cigarettes is cheaper than conventional methods of quitting. Lastly, I will address the argument of those who oppose not including e-cigs in the ban. Ill. [Refutative argument] Those who support the ban of electronic cigaret tes on campus say that it poses a health risk to non-smokers, I have two reasons to disagree with that. A. [Attack the evidence] My first reason to not agree that e-cigs impose a health risk to non-smokers, is a basic lack of evidence to support the claim. . In October of 2012, The Center for Air Resources Science and Engineering, from Clarkston University in New York, took part in a study to test the emitted vapor of electronic igarettes (informahealthcare. com Oct, 2012). a. The study was done in a small room. b. Found no apparent risk to human health. propylene 2. The main ingredient in the electronic cigarette liquid is glycol (ecblendflavorshop. com) a. Also the main ingredient in fog machines. b. Has been approved by the FDA as a safe ingredient for food and medicine since 1973(U. S. Food and Drug Administration 2006) B. Attack reasoning] Secondly I have to disagree with the ban of electronic cigarettes, because they impose a health risk from second hand smoke, is the fact tha t if they pose no risk in a small enclosed oom, then they surely dont pose a risk outdoors. C. [Denial] Finally, I disagree that electronic cigarettes pose a risk to non-smokers from second hand smoke simply because there is no second hand smoke. C. I . 1 . Traditional cigarettes require the user to burn the tobacco. C. I . 1 . a. This produces a constant stream of smoke full of carcinogens. C. I . 1 . b. The smell lingers in the air and tends to stay around for long periods of time. C. I . 2. Electronic cigarettes do not burn anything. C. I . 2. a. The vapor is atomized on a coil through a positive and negative charge. C. 1 . 2. b. There is no constant source of fumes. D. [Impact statement] To summarize all this information, electronic cigarettes pose no significant health risk to non-smokers rather provide an effective alternative to help users quit. Transition: It is apparent that the usage of electronic cigarettes in fact do not impose any significant health risk to non-smokers. I would like to go back over the reasons that Idaho State University should not include them in the smoking ban on campus. Conclusion l. [Summary of main ideas] I have given you three reasons that Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in the smoking ban. A. First reason is, e-cigs ave been proven as ettective, it not more, than other means ot helping users quit smoking. B. Second, I sowed you how much cheaper it is to pursue electronic cigarettes over the other means of quitting. C. Third, I talked about how in fact, there are no significant health risks from second hand smoke of electronic cigarettes. II. [Closing statement] I am not saying I think that the campus should be a smoking campus, I am simply stating that the university should not include electronic cigarettes into the ban. Works Cited Idaho State Latest Campus to Adapt Smoking Ban Idaho Press Tribune. Idaho Press Tribune, Aug 25 2012. http://www. idahopress. com/news/ state/idaho-state-latest-campus-to-adopt-smoking-ban. Web. Oct 24 2013. Simon, Stacey. Study Compares E-cigarettes to Quit-smoking Aids American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society, Sept 10 2013. http://www. cancer. rg/cancer/news/ studycomparese-cigarettestoquit-smokingaids. Web. Oct 18 2013. Phend, Crystal. E-cigarette Might Help Smoker Quit MedPage Today. MedPage Today. Sept 7 2013. http://www. medpagetoday. com/MeetingCoverage/ERS/41439. web. oct 18 2013. Walgreens Nicotine Gum, 4 mg Original Walgreens Pharmacy. Walgreens Pharmacy. http://www. walgreens. om/store/c/walgreens-nicotine-gum%2c-4-mg-original/ ID=prod1650107-product. web. oct 25 2013. 7 Leaf Tobacco Blend EC Blend. ecblendflavors. com. http://www. ecblendflavors. com/ 7-leaf-tobacco-blend-eliquid-flavor/. Web. Oct 29 2013. Environ, J. Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) Topography and Estimation of Liquid Consumption: Implications for Research Protocol Standards Definition and for Public Health Authorities Regulation International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013. www. mdpi. com/Journal/iJerph. Web. Oct 15 2013. T. R. McAuley, P. K. Hopke, J. Zhao, S. Babaian. Comparison of the effects Ofe- cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Informa Healthcare. October 2012. http:mnformahealthcare. om/douabs/10. 3109/08958378. 2012. 724728. web. oct 25 2013 Propylene Glycol FDA. United States Food and Drug Administration. 1973. http:// www. accessdata. fda. goWscripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation. cfm? web. oct 25 2013. Enthymemes Categorical Enthymeme Major Premise: Smoking has second hand negative side effects. Minor Premise: Electronic Cigarettes are a form of smoking. Conclusion: Electronic Cigarettes nave negative side ettects T 1 . The term s are in the correct place. Major term (negative side effects) is in the major premise and the conclusion. Minor term (Electronic Cigarettes) is in the minor premise and the conclusion. Middle term (smoking) is in the major and minor premise. 2. The middle term is used in its universal sense. 3. Both the major premise and the conclusion are negative. Major Premise: Second hand smoke causes health risks to non-smokers. Minor premise: Electronic Cigarettes produce second hand smoke. Conclusion: Electronic Cigarettes cause health risks to non-smokers. Tests: 1. Each term is used twice. 2. The conclusion is negative following the major premise. 3. Only three terms appear.

Internet Cafe Ban in manilenos minor Essay Example

Internet Cafe Ban in manilenos minor Essay Example Internet Cafe Ban in manilenos minor Essay Internet Cafe Ban in manilenos minor Essay Background of the Study: School is where students develop skills that help them interpret and adapt to a changing world. This is the place where they are developed and save from vices. Unfortunately, due to the inclusion of technology, students particularly minors, are addicted to the computer games that cause to the cutting classes and worst drop out. Almost everywhere you can see internet Cafe that allow rent computers to anyone. Computer Gaming is one of the main attraction in computer shops that cause addiction to the users or players. This was known as Computer Addiction. Due to the increasing number of minors that are skipping in the class, the government make an action to solved this problem. The Manila City Council passed an ordinance that will prevent the minors in entering to the computer shops with in am to pm, weekdays. The ordinance was created by Executive order no. 14 and City Ordinance no. 8168 on 2007 by Former Manila Mayor Alfred S. Limit. This is intensified the drive against computer shops that allow accessing the students during class hours. This authorizes the parents and teachers to inspect computer shops and internet cafe, if they allow minors inside the shop. But only officers of accredited parents and teacher association are assigned to inspect and monitor the shop. They have the authority to take pictures and get the names of the minors, the owner of the shop and the names of the parents. The reports are then goes to the mayor and upon approval of the mayor the license of the shop to operate will be revoked. On the other hand, the identities of the minors are keep safe, for confidential purpose. This ordinance also erred every computer shop to attach No to Pornography and Gambling sign to every computer and that there should be no cubicle or no enclosed separating each computer. There should also be sign on the door stating that Minors and Students are not allowed to enter during Class hours. The implementation of the ordinance aims to give managements of internet shops some rules that will save the youth from computer game addiction that could affect their social well-being, morality and most especially their education. This ordinance is within the Jurisdiction of the City of Manila only. This is a great steps for the decreasing of the number of drop outs and skipping of classes of the minors and student. Here also stated in the ordinance that there is a penalty in breaking the elementary schools are established. This research is conducted for the purpose of identifying the effect of this ordinance in promoting the education of the minor students and to avoid the to the computer addiction that will affect their Studies. For academic purpose the research focus on the locality of selected barraging in Sample manila. V. Theoretical Framework: This study has described a Grounded approach to the design of programs to strengthen hybrid Justice systems that is attuned to local needs and opportunities. Five key steps were proposed: (l)understand the historical and contemporary political and policy context of formal and customary Justice systems; (ii) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of formal and customary legal systems; (iii) identify entry points for strengthening hybrid Justice systems based on an analytical framework of institutional change; (iv) realistically assess the opportunities for engagement on the entry points; and (v) ensure a flexible and long-term commitment to implementation. V. Conceptual Framework: The implementation of the Ordinance no. 168 in Manila City, prohibits the minors in entering in computer shops during school hours. The parents and teacher association are task to inspect the computer shops if they allowing minors to access the computer they own. This is for the promotion of the education of the minors and to save the minors from computer addictions. VI. Paradigm of the Study: VI. Objectives of the Study: MUST: To Identify the effects of the ordina nce no. 168 to the education of the minors. WANTS: To know the purpose of the ordinance. VIII. Statement of the Problems: (General Statement of the Problem): The study focus on the effects of ordinance no. 8168 to the education of the minors in sample manila. (Specific Problems): 1 . What was the characteristics of minors, in terms of: a. Age b. Sex c. Etc. 2. Does the Parents and Teachers Association are educated or knowledgeable to the 4. What are the effects of the implementation of ordinance no. 8168 to the education of the minors? X. Hypothesis: Ha: There is significance between the Ordinance no. 8168 to the education of the minors. Ho: There is no significance between the no. 168 to the education of the minors in Sample Manila. X. Research Design: The Method of research used in this study is Descriptive Method. This Method describes and interprets the present situation and practices in society. Descriptive research Describes and interprets what is. That is concerned with the prevailing practices (Best). In this Research, the intended to be interpreted is the implementati on of the City ordinance 8168. This study will primarily determine the effects of banning the minors in computer shops or internet cafe in the Academic performance of the students of . X. Significance of the Study: The researcher hopes that the result of this study would contribute to the better learning of the minor students. The following are the sectors that affected and gain significant information on this study: 1. To the Minors = this will provide them an information on how important is the Ordinance to their Studies. 2. Parents and teachers association = this is important for hem because it can give them a feedback on how well they are performing the ordinance. 3. To the City Council= For them to evaluate the law, and serve this as their basis in upgrading improving the ordinance. 4. To the Future Researcher: this will serve as their related study in conducting their research. This will also provided information to them on how important is the Ordinance in the academic performance of the Minor students. 5. To the Readers= this will provide them an information to increase their awareness on the ordinances exist in Manila for the welfare of the Minors.

The Global Trade Distribution Processes of marks and spencer Essay

The Global Trade Distribution Processes of marks and spencer - Essay Example It has 766 stores in the UK in major shopping centres, airports, railway stations, retail parks and service stations (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). The company has a huge presence in the international market and has stores in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. M&S sells through different channels including in store ordering, telephone, home catalogue and online. Operating Segments The company specialises in various forms of trade. First, the company sells home products, clothing as well as food that are sourced from over 2000 suppliers from different parts of the world. (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013) The entity is also the leading retailer in lingerie, women wear, and its market share has grown rapidly in all other market segments. The company aims to become a multi channel retailer will various sources of revenue ranging from mobile to internet channels in the UK and across the global market. The company also offers financial services through the M&S Bank that was started in 2 012 including loans, travel, cards, insurance, savings and investments (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). Shop Formats The company’s outlets are designed in an attractive way and since they are spacious, the shopping experience is simply amazing. There are core shops that include M&S Food Halls and a collection of the company’s clothing line. ... Finally, M&S Simply Foods supply groceries and home ware (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). Company’s Global Trade Strategy The company came up with a three-year strategy in November 2010 to change the company from a conventional retailer into a global multi- channel retailer. The first phase of the plan was from 2010 to 2013 that focuses on the UK market (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). The second phase focused towards developing the company’s presence in the international market. In November 2010, the company set out to increase its revenue by ?1.5billion to ?2.5billion over the next three years (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). However, due to the decline in the economic environment, the company expects to achieve a decline in revenues (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). Focus on the UK As earlier explained the company’s plan for 2010-2013 focused on business in the UK. This involves enhancing the brand name in its areas of operation. Branding takes centre s tage of all advertising campaigns. Owing to the fact that the market is becoming increasingly competitive, the brand is meant to draw attention to the value and quality offered in their product. The women swear sector has been underperforming as shown in the SWOT analysis discussed later in the paper. The company has come up with new store designs at the end of 2013. With regards to the food section, the company mainly focuses on freshness, convenience and freshness. In 2012, M&S started working on delivering a better shopping experience for their customers through the new store layouts (Brook Intelligence Centre, 2013). The new store designs offer improved navigation and better brand differentiation. The stores have been designed according to local demographics. Multi-Channel The company aims at

Strategic Leadership and Entrepreneurship for Dr. McDougalls Right Essay

Strategic Leadership and Entrepreneurship for Dr. McDougalls Right Food Asian Entres - Essay Example The founder and owner of Dr. McDougall’s Right Foods, Dr. John McDougall, as the chairman of the board of directors, continues to extend the most crucial influence to the thrusts and goals of the organization. As part of the management team, one’s sphere of influence encompasses â€Å"responsibility for corporate governance, corporate strategy, and the interests of all the organizations stakeholders† (Q Finance, 2009, par. 1). Through the coordination and participation of other management team members, one has relevant impact in suggesting recommendations towards the implementation of the business plan. The success of the management team is sourced from equal, fair and just collaboration and participation of all members, regardless of the diversity in responsibilities. In this regard, there is no eminent bias within the organization. With regards to anticipating hurdles, as normal as any organization operates, hurdles come in terms of external factors that are unseen, yet could influence the firms’ operations. These hurdles are increases in prices of raw materials or minimum wages for employees; imposition of additional value added taxes; or stiffer competitors, An effective leadership style is that which conforms, adjusts and adapts to the demands of the situation. One would demonstrate a situational leadership style that focuses on the capabilities and resources of the organization, in conjunction with the defined goals. Any strategy that needs to be designed must focus on the achievement objectives at the most efficient and effective manner. Any potential shortcoming is perceived in terms of responding appropriately to unanticipated changes in both the internal and external environment. One’s competencies and qualifications are the strengths that would assist in designing strategies towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. Weaknesses could come in terms of responding effectively to

Interview Experience and Making Presentations Research Paper

Interview Experience and Making Presentations - Research Paper Example The process of doing a job interview is regarded as one of the most critical processes in job search. People engage in interviews with ultimate caution, and this translates into a nervous breakdown at times. Interview processes are also done for other issues but job interviews top the list in my most memorable engagements. My first encounter with such a practice was successful due to certain aspects. I went for the job interview with high hopes but I was also extremely cautious not to end up unsuccessful. My application targeted the post of a data entry clerk in a research firm. It was my first part-time job search, and it was extremely significant to me. Basically, the interview embodied a strategic conversation that stemmed out of purpose. My goals included proving to the prospective employer that I certainly had the skills, background, and the relevant ability required for the job. These qualities help an individual in assuring the employer that she/he can fully fit into the compa ny and its core culture (Allen, 2011). My experience was quite challenging, but the results were impressive since I was accepted into the company. I answered the questions comfortably and portrayed other personality attributes that were instrumental. Exemplary interpersonal and communication skills were evident, as well as confidence and enthusiasm among others. The interview was successful due to the fact that I was able to answer the questions in the best way. This can be attributed to the issue of merit, but it was also influenced by extensive research about the company. I carried out some research about the company prior to the interview; thus, I had relevant knowledge on the interviewer’s expectations. I may comfortably state that this was the biggest reason as to why I got employed. However, it is pertinent to note that other issues also contributed towards the achievement. This can be exemplified by my ability to volunteer crucial personal information about my strength s and weaknesses also enhanced my quest. B. Describe an interview you have had (or know about) that did not go well. Speculate as to what went wrong. Explain how the interview could have been successful. My second experience was also a job interview and it characterized most aspects that relate to such practices. In this case, I was also targeting a part time job in a manufacturing company during the holidays. I was confident that I would be successful since I had already participated in a similar exercise in the past. The professional part of the conversation was evident, and I managed to convince the interviewer that I had great interest in a supervisor’s job. I proved to the interviewer that I was the right person for the job through my intense knowledge of the company. This knowledge resulted from research about the company and general knowledge obtained from previous stints in school. My dress code depicted the image of a successful and ambitious person, and it unequivoc ally propelled my chances to greater heights. I answered the questions in the best way possible and maintained my composure throughout the interview. However, there are aspects that I failed to consider during the interview, and they specifically led to complications and disqualification in the long run. There was no doubt that I did merit for the job, but these smaller aspects that I failed to observe changed the entire scene. Apparently, a successful interviewee should not mention the weaknesses of his/her previous employer (Donald, 2002). After my first part time job I had problems with my former employer concerning salary issues. During my second interview, I raised these issues hoping that my prospective employer would consider my

Rationale For Qualitative Research Management Essay

Rationale For Qualitative Research Management Essay METHODOLOGY In a multichannel environment firms interact with their customers through the design, evaluation, coordination and deployment of channels with the objective of enhancing customer value through effective customer acquisition, retention, and development. While the relative value of a multichannel customer over single channel customers is known, but several research and managerial questions like consumer behaviour, channel evaluation, allocation of resources across channels and channel coordination strategies require further study. The objective of this research is to gain further understanding of these issues. In order to meet these objectives, literature on marketing channels, channel management and channel conflict were explored. The literature review provided assistance in developing the research methodology design (refer Figure 2-1). The exploratory research provided further areas for study in the following secondary and primary research. This methodology created the building blocks for a structured iterative research process that effectively related to the literature. The process balanced theory and practise to generate a comprehensive viewpoint on the subject. In the process of creating the methodology the author consulted various journals and books. The remainder of this chapter discusses the methodology adopted to achieve the outlined objectives. Figure 2-1: Research Methodology (Source Author) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OLeary (2004:p.85) refers to Methodology as the framework associated with a particular set of paradigmatic assumptions that are issued to conduct research. For this research a qualitative approach was incorporated and the author used the inductive exploratory research methodology to unearth the issues. The research process can be best described as a cross-sectional study and involved three phases PHASE 1: RESEARCH PREPARATION This phase primarily involved setting the tone and direction of the main research by defining the parameters to the research questions and the key objectives of the research (based on Saunders et al, 2003). After the initial discussion with the mentor secondary desk based research was conducted with the help of industry journals, online resources, annual reports, industry reports. As the author wanted to expand his exposure to the relevant domain of the research a review of the literature was performed to get a better grasp of the subject. PHASE 2: REASEARCH APPROACH 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW METHODOLOGY While devising the literature review the author addressed literature on Marketing Channels, Channel Management and Channel Conflict to determine particular concepts best suited to deal with managing conflict in a channel. The literature review was an iterative process that was continuously developed. This process can be depicted as follows (Figure 2-2): Figure 2-2: The Literature Review Methodology (Source Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students (4, Illustrated ed.). Prentice Hall, adapted by author) The research methodology permitted the author to evaluate the relevance of existing literature in a specific real life scenario. The research methodology provided a structured guideline to a complicated enquiry. 2.2 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY This research takes the view of an interpretivism philosophy which is based on the view that the social world of business and management is far too complex to lend itself to theorising by definite laws in the same way as the physical sciences (Saunders, 2003). The author found that organisations cannot be generalised based on the challenges faced in the market place due to individuality hence it has been deemed necessary to discover the details of the situation to understand the reality working behind them (Remenyi et al 1998, cited in Saunders, 2003). The positivist view was not chosen as this type of approach adopts the philosophical stance of the natural scientist in order to produce law-like generalisations (Saunders, 2003) and was deemed inappropriate. 2.3 RESEARCH APPROACH In line with the research philosophy of interpretivism, the inductive approach is taken for the research as it focuses on theory building which follows the collection of qualitative data. Another reason why this approach was selected was due to the fact that the deductive approach tends to develop a methodology which does not allow for alternative explanations of what is happening (Saunders, 2003) which may limit explanations of why organizations experience certain challenges. Inductive approach is particularly helpful as the author was trying to understand why something is happening rather than being able to describe what is happening. Although inductive approach can be much more protracted but often the ideas, based on a much longer period of data collection and analysis, have to emerge gradually. On the flip side the author was aware that with inductive approach there is a constant apprehension that no useful data patterns and theory will emerge. 2.4 RATIONALE FOR QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Creswell (2003) observes two research paradigms: Qualitative and Quantitative as described in Figure 2-5. Qualitative research stems from the social sciences and is utilised to understand, why people behave as they do (Denzin Lincoln, 2005) this would include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs etc. Whereas, quantitative research is more concerned with measuring things (Miles Huberman, 1994). Figure 2-5: A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative research (Source Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches) As the purpose of the research was exploratory in nature, it was felt that the best approach was to conduct qualitative research through one to one interviews. It has been pointed out by Cooper and Schindler (1998) that the qualitative approach is best suited while undertaking exploratory research and enables the identification of emerging themes within the research process. Moreover, as has been pointed out by Saunders et al (2003), a qualitative approach allows us to understand the reasons for decisions taken by participant as well as enabling an understanding of their attitudes and opinions. Furthermore, as Saunders et al (2003) point out it also enables the discussion into areas that had not previously been considered but may be significant for understanding the issue. As observed by Henderson (2005) qualitative research by its very nature centres on perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes. Creswell (2003) further recommends the use of the Qualitative approach, for problems that are context specific with unknown variables requiring exploratory research. Moreover the research is reliable and verifiable due to the context bound specific scenario. (Creswell, 2003; Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2007). Although it was planned that, wherever possible interviews would be conducted in person but considering the time limitation of the research and the nature of the retail business, the author had to resort to telephone interviews with the pre-determined point of contact. As suggested by Saunders et al (2003) telephone interviews are an appropriate medium in cases where the interviewer has been able to establish their integrity and competence. However, as pointed out by Saunders et al (2003), the lack of standardisation in these interviews may lead to concerns regarding the reliability of the data. As has been observed by Easterby-Smith et al (2002), in qualitative research, reliability is concerned with whether alternative researchers have revealed similar information. However, the data from the interviews were cross checked along with data derived from interviews conducted with the key stakeholders in the company, as well as secondary research material such as the industry specific research reports available in the public domain. Moreover, the data collected was analysed after the interviews for any inconsistencies in what was said by the interviewee. These steps allowed a multiple triangulation of the data which enabled a higher degree of consistency in the data recorded as well as greater reliability. Each interview was tape recorded as it was felt that note taking may have lead to loss of quality information. The recording enabled the author to listen to the interview any number of times to produce a transcript which facilitated a better analysis of the responses. As pointed out by Saunders et al (2003) reliability of the data could be affected if there was interviewer bias (i.e. wherein the author could have imposed his personal beliefs while interpreting the data) as well as interviewee bias (i.e. wherein interviewees may choose not to reveal information if they perceive them to be probing or sensitive in nature). These were kept in mind during the interview process. 2.5 MULTI-METHOD APPROACH Since each method has its unique strengths and weaknesses (Smith, 1975) hence the results will be affected by the method used. Thus, it makes sense to use different methods to cancel out the method effect leading to greater confidence being placed on the conclusions (Saunders et al, 2003). The author employed the case study methods which involved interviews with the key stakeholders in the Organisation, in order to get a feel for the key issues. The author then embarked on the grounded theory approach where data and observation from the semi-structured interviews with the customers was used to develop the research theory. This gave the author the confidence that certain key issues were addressed with relevance to the research. The multi-method approach also enabled triangulation to take place, such that different data collection methods within one study ensure that the data are telling you what you think they are telling you. As in this case, the semi-structured interviews with the key managers in the Organisation. 2.6 DATA COLLECTION METHOD The authors primary desk based research approach had its limitations in terms of the data collection and authenticating the validity of the data from the online resources. In order to prevent this bias in collection and interpretation, the author also resorted to qualitative research technique. The author found the Qualitative approach to be more effective due to the importance of perceptions of channel members in the problem, which needed to be revealed and understood through personal interaction. The data for the research was collected using primary data collection techniques i.e. interviews as well as secondary data sources i.e. company publications, reports, journals and the internet. Based on the analysis of the various data collecting techniques the interview method was chosen. While conducting the interviews with the stakeholders, semi-structured interviews were used wherein some basic themes relevant to the research objectives and open ended questions were developed to investigate responses and ask follow up questions. This allowed the opportunity to probe answers and where necessary the interviewees could be requested to build on and explain the reasoning behind their statements (Saunders et al, 2003). Due credence was also given to the manner in which the questions are ordered was taken into consideration as it can affect the information collected (Lubin, 2005). In order to collect the secondary information company reports, academic journals and internet were used. Textbooks were used to provide the background information on multichannel approach and other relevant areas which can be seen in the literature review. A key limitation was the accessibility to appropriate information from the net can be costly when attempting to acquire journals from website requires a fee. PHASE 3: DATA ANALYSIS 3.1 DATA COLLECTION: METHODS AND TOOLS OLeary (2004:p.85) refers to the Methods as, the techniques used to collect data and Tools as the devices that help in collecting data. For the qualitative research methodology discussed the direct research technique was used, as below: Exploratory research was conducted in the first phase for greater understanding of the situation. This was followed by an extensive in-depth study of the literature from various publications. In order to authenticate these findings in-depth interviews through an inductive technique were conducted with all respondents, to probe the conflict causing issues. The interviews were developed to encourage the respondents, to express their detailed viewpoint. A semi structured (Adams Schvaneveldt, 1991) interview format was used to incorporate parameters specific to the area of authors research. Furthermore, throughout this process the Author took into account ethical considerations to prevent respondents from being misled in anyway. In order to conduct the research activities for data collection Saunders has introduced research onion as a useful framework to illustrate the idea that there are several layers which needs peeling off before the researcher decides the choice of data collection method (Figure 2-3). The following subsections explain research sampling, philosophy, approaches, strategies, and time horizon of the research study. Figure 2-3: The Research Onion (Source Saunders, Thornhill, A and M, Lewis, P., 2003) 3.2 RESEARCH SAMPLING A conclusion can be made from the sample about the population to achieve the research objective (Saunders et al. 2003). It is, therefore, uncommon for a research to survey the entire population due to time and financial constraints, especially, when the population is very large. The research followed a five-step procedure for drawing a sample based on Churchill and Iacobuccis (2002) and Wilsons (2006) suggestions. (Figure 2-4) Figure 2-4: Procedure for drawing a sample (Source Based on Churchill and Iacobucci 2002 and Wilson 2006) In order to obtain a broad and holistic picture, certain key individuals and stakeholders were identified who could provide and in-depth and unbiased view of the challenges being faced by the organisation in multichannel environment. Stakeholders identified included company owners, retail managers and trade counter employees. 3.3 RESEARCH ANALYSIS As Saunders et al (2003) observe while conducting qualitative research it is important to use a conceptual framework for organising the data. The analysis of the data was inductive; because of the exploratory nature of the market research there was no pre-determined hypothesis to direct the analysis (Saunders et al, 2003). The author started with the use of mapping technique to organize and collate all the data gathered through primary research and to understand and analyse the issues, key themes, and patterns and question how an argument fit together. The data was analysed using Thematic Analysis (Matthew Huberman, 1994). A conversation analysis was conducted, which evaluated the words, contexts and non-verbal cues in order to find emerging themes. The data was analysed and interpreted through a step by step process as depicted below (Figure 2-6): Figure 2-6: Data Analysis Methodology (Source Author) The findings were then compared to the data collected from secondary sources and the literature review after which conclusions were drawn. It thus enabled the author visualize the inter-relationships of the issues and give a sense of strategic direction while drafting the recommendations. Due to the use of in-depth and semi-structured interviews, it was felt by the author that a narrative style for discussing the findings would be the most appropriate method. As has been pointed out by Saunders et al. (2003), this approach is suitable where in-depth and semi-structured interviews have been used to collect data as it allows the interviewer to retain the integrity of the data (Coffey and Atkinson, 1996).

Search for argumentative to find opinion essays :: Opinion Essays

Odyssey Essay Being attacked by one eyed monsters, huge storms, a giant sea dragon, and scores of angry men were just a few of the perils Odysseus had to overcome. He did not only overcome them, but he did so in a way that would forever be thought of as heroic. Odysseus, the epic hero of Homer's The Odyssey demonstrates the Greek ideal of leadership, bravery, and devotion to the gods. Odysseus was a great leader and showed his leadership abilities many times, times where his men were ready to give up and accept their fate. With his motivational speeches he turned his men into dangerous fighters who would keep on going hard until they were struck down, eaten, or thrown into the churning seas. One example of this was during Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus' men were tired and didn't want to proceed, but Odysseus said: "Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, then when we faced Cyclops? Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out?" (P. 708, L. 766) There are also times when all the men are afraid, but here Odysseus shows he's in charge and speaks up when nobody wants to: "We all felt pressure in our hearts, but I spoke up in replyÉ" (P. 689, L. 203) Odysseus gave warnings to help his fellow shipmates and tried to protect them from the wrath of the gods: "Old shipmates, our stores are in the ship's hold, food and drink; the cattle here are not for our provision, or we pay dearly for it." (P. 710, L. 840) Odysseus was not only a great leader, but also a very brave man. There were also many times when Odysseus showed how brave he was. In this next example involving the Cyclops Odysseus shows that he is not the type of leader that sits on safe land while he sends his men in to kill, but a leader who enjoys nothing more than being engaged in battle with his men. "I took my twelve best fighters and went ahead." (P. 687, L. 136) Odysseus also had the heart of a fighter, he would do battle whenever necessary, no matter whom his opponent was, in this case the giant Cyclops:

Critiquing Internet Sources Essay

Today, the Internet provides an unprecedented amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. Conduct a critique of one blog, one video, and one podcast, which provide information that addresses the topic of your Final Research Paper. Assess the authors’ use of bias, validity, and applicability of information. Examine the influence of web-based information on global citizenship and multicultural understanding. Then, compile a list of three factors you believe should be considered when evaluating Internet sources for use in researching information. The paper must be three to four pages in length (excluding the title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style. In addition to the three multimedia sources you are analyzing, support your points with at least two scholarly sources. One of the scholarly sources must be from the Ashford Online Library. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.

Coffea arabica Essays

Coffea arabica Essays Coffea arabica Essay Coffea arabica Essay I. A. About the Industry Coffee is a brewed drink with a distinguishable olfactory property and spirit. prepared from the roasted seeds of the Coffea works. A java works is normally a shrub or little tree that grows to 10-12 pess ( although it can turn up to 32 pess ) and can bring forth java beans for decennaries. It can populate for between 60 and 70 old ages. It can take up to four old ages for a java tree to make adulthood and bear fruit. The English word java originates from the Arabic word kaweh’ significance strength or energy. The seeds are found in java cherries . which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 states. chiefly in equatorial Latin America. Southeast Asia. South Asia and Africa. Green ( unroasted ) java is one of the most traded agricultural trade goods in the universe. Coffee is somewhat acidic ( pH 5. 0–5. 1 ) and can hold a stimulating consequence on worlds because of its caffeine content. Commercial java is grown in an country between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn dearly known as the bean belt . In order for the java works to boom. it needs moderate sunlight and rain. porous dirt and changeless temperatures between 65 and 75? F. Before the java bean can be used to do java. it has to be roasted. The roasting procedure alterations the colour of the green java beans. First they turn xanthous and so brown. The longer they roast the darker they become. The strongest joints result in black beans. At the same clip. the heat causes alterations in the gustatory sensation and odor of the beans. Aromatic oils are released that conveying out the spirit of java. In the 19th century. people roasted their java at place on their ranges or over unfastened fires. Nowadays. the commercial java roasters use tremendous ovens to roast the java. Temperature and clip are carefully controlled. sometimes by computing machines. because merely a few seconds can dramatically alter the concluding spirit of the java. The roasting can be done in merely a minute. In general. a light joint gives a mild gustatory sensation. a medium joint produces a well–rounded. rich spirit and olfactory property and a high joint gives a strong. typical spirit. Coffee is one of the most consumed drinks after H2O. Coffee is one of the most traded trade goods in the universe after oil. Over 1400 million cups of java are drunk around the universe each twenty-four hours. The bulk of java is consumed at breakfast. Coffee berries. which contain the java seeds. are produced by several species of little evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea. The two most normally grown are besides the most extremely regarded Coffea arabica. and the robusta signifier of the hardier Coffea canephora. The latter is immune to the lay waste toing java foliage rust ( Hemileia vastatrix ) . Once mature. java berries are picked. processed. and dried. The seeds are so roasted to changing grades. depending on the coveted spirit. before being land and brewed to make java. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a assortment of ways. An of import export trade good. java was the top agricultural export for 12 states in 2004. and it was the world’s seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value in 2005. Some contention is associated with java cultivation and its impact on the environment. Consequently. organic java is an spread outing market. The top 10 coffee-producing states are: Brazil. Ethiopia. Colombia. India. Indonesia. Guatemala. Vietnam. Cote d’Ivoire. Mexico and Uganda. The emotional and physical benefits of java are legion. Not merely does coffee gustatory sensation good. it can excite. relax and review the organic structure. Coffee stimulates the senses through its caffeine content which stimulates metamorphosis and supports mental watchfulness and concentration. The organic structure absorbs it within 30 proceedingss. and its positive effects may last 2-5 hours. Coffee relaxes the organic structure because it hydrates it. Because H2O is the chief ingredient in a cup of java. it helps the organic structure work towards its day-to-day H2O demands and is practically free of Calories. Coffee besides refreshes the organic structure with its wealth of polyphenols. Polyphenols are foods that aid keep the organic structure in good wellness over clip. They are besides found in green tea. fruits and chocolate. B. Brief History of Coffee The history of java goes at least as far back as the 13th century. The narrative of Kaldi. the 9th-century Ethiopian caprine animal Herder who discovered java while seeking for his caprine animals. did non look in composing until 1671 and is likely apocryphal. From Ethiopia. java was said to hold spread to Egypt and Yemen. The earliest believable grounds of either java imbibing or cognition of the java tree appears in the center of the 15th century. in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the sixteenth century. it had reached the remainder of the Middle East. Persia. Turkey. and Northern Africa. Coffee so spread to Balkans. Italy. and to the remainder of Europe. to Indonesia. Asia and so to America. Wild coffee’s stimulating consequence was likely first discovered in the northeast part of Ethiopia. Coffee cultivation foremost took topographic point in southern Arabia ; the earliest believable grounds of coffee-drinking appears in the center of the fifteenth century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. In East Africa and Yemen. java was used in native spiritual ceremonials that were in competition with the Christian Church. As a consequence. the Ethiopian Church banned its secular ingestion until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia. The drink was besides banned in Ottoman Turkey during the seventeenth century for political grounds and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe In the Philippines. java has a history every bit rich as its spirit. says the National Coffee Development Board ( NCDB ) . whose chief aim is to develop and advance the Filipino java industry through proficient aid and recognition plans for java farms and through selling and publicities of java for domestic and export markets. History records show that the first java tree was introduced in Lipa. Batangas in 1740 by a Spanish Franciscan monastic. From at that place. java turning spread to other parts of Batangas like Ibaan. Lemery. San Jose. Taal. and Tanauan. Batangas owed much of its wealth to the java plantations in these countries and Lipa finally became the java capital of the Philippines. By the 1860s. Batangas was exporting java to America through San Francisco. the NCDB- records. When the Suez Canal was opened. a new market started in Europe every bit good. Sing the success of the Batangenos. Cavite followed suit by turning the first java seedlings in 1876 in Amadeo. In malice of this. Lipa still reigned as the centre for java production in the Philippines and Batangas barako was commanding five times the monetary value of other Asiatic java beans. In 1880. the Philippines was the 4th largest exporter of java beans. and. when the java rust hit Brazil. Africa and Java ( Indonesia ) . it became the lone beginning of java beans around the universe. The java rust disease about wiped it out during the last one-fourth of the nineteenth century. Coffee registered a entire production of 123. 934 metric dozenss valued at P6818. 18 million in 1995. Today. nevertheless. the Philippines produces merely. 012 % of the world’s java supply. Attempts are being undertaken to resuscitate the industry nevertheless. with the bulk of java produced in the mountain countries of Batangas. Bukidnon. Benguet. Cavite. Kalinga. Apayao. Davao. and Claveria.

Social Policy The WritePass Journal

Social Policy Introduction Social Policy is a social policy with the aim to crackdown on the binge-drinking culture, cut alcohol related violence, the number of 11-15 year olds drinking alcohol, and to reduce the number of people drinking to damaging levels (Home Office, 2012). To achieve its aim, the government first proposes to reduce the availability of cheap alcohol by increasing tax by volume, instilling a minimum unit price, and banning multi-buy promotions. Second, there will be greater regulation of alcohol advertising, making it appropriate for the age range and reducing the exposure of underage individuals, as well as improving avenues for complaint and reporting unsuitability. The government also aims to tackle emerging issues such as greater alcohol fraud and the increasing incidence of liver disease (Home Office, 2012). Whilst the Department of Health are responsible for the oversight of such policies, there will also need to be support from the alcohol and retail industries, local NHS trusts, councils and com munities. To influence these government proposals and decisions, individuals could engage in lobbying, by canvassing opinions in the local community and forming a group of stakeholders (ie. people with a vested interest in the changing price of alcohol) or an organisation of people with the same opinion. They could then form a cohesive and specific argument that could be presented in reaction to the government’s proposals. This could be done by telephone, letters, email, or by calling meetings with influential decision makers. One could join pre-existing lobby groups such as the British Beer and Pub Association ([emailprotected]) or the British Hospitality and Restaurant Association (Ufi Ibrahim, Chief Exec.), who represent the views of the industries, and have previously put pressure on the government to keep alcohol tax down (BBPA). Welfare Policy – ‘The Work Programme’ – A programme to encourage and support the most vulnerable jobseekers and helping people ‘break the cycle of benefit dependency In 2011, the government’s Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) launched a nationwide programme to support benefits claimants undertake active and effective jobseeking with the aim of helping people find and stay in work (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). The programme is delivered by contracted providers, such as Ingeus (a recruitment service), who have the flexibility to decide how best to support jobseekers, whilst also adhering to the policy requirements. Reforms of benefits and taxes are aimed at improving incentive to work for all and encouraging those claiming to prepare for and actively seek for work in order to receive benefit. Providers of the worker support will be paid by results, encouraging them to really support workers and achieve sustained work placements (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). To influence decision making and the implementation of ‘The Work Programme’ individuals could contact the relevant authorities at the DWP, for exam ple JobCentre Plus (Jobsearch helpline 08456 060 234), or more influentially join a relevant public consultation. These consultations provide the DWP with feedback on proposals and initiatives, which consequentially can influence the further development of Government policies. Lists of consultations can be found on the DWP website (dwp.gov.uk/consultations/2012/), and they welcome views from all ‘interested parties’. The most recent consultation in line with the work programme was aimed at seeing views on current benefit rules underpinning Disability Living Allowance, Carer’s Allowance and Attendance Allowance in March 2012 (Department of Work and Pensions2). It is therefore likely that there will be a similar consultation regarding Job Seekers’ Allowance in the near future. Housing Policy The ‘Right to Acquire’ Increasing nationwide home ownership The right to acquire policy is an update of the ‘right to buy’ housing policy, and was introduced as of the 1st April 2012. The scheme helps tenants in England to buy their housing association home by providing a discounted rate. This policy aims to enable those with lower incomes who have been public sector tenants for at least five years to become homeowners (Direct Gov). The policy was introduced by the UK government, however, funding will be provided by the local authorities, and the selling of the individual housing would affect the landlords who are usually the local housing associations. Whilst the right to buy scheme has been well established since the 1980s, there are ways in which organisations and individuals can be present at crucial meetings, and be of influence to policy. The Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH), a charity that supports the housing sector, runs an annual conference and exhibition (12-14th June 2012, Manchester Central), which enables speake rs from housing associations, local authorities, house builders, banks, and the government to come together and discuss current policy. Here, one can ask questions and discuss with influential authority in housing policy formation. To influence policy, one could attend this meeting as an individual, or join an organisation to exert even greater influence. References: British Beer and Pub Association (n.d) About us [WWW] British Beer and Pub Association. Available from: beerandpub.com/about-us [Accessed 12/04/12]. British Medical Association (2011) Public Health Medicine Policies [WWW] British Medical Association. Available from: http://web2.bma.org.uk/bmapolicies.nsf/WF?OpenFormkey=webPHC [Accessed 12/04/12]. Department of Health (n.d) Contact DH [WWW] Department of Health. Available from: dh.gov.uk/health/contact-dh/ [Accessed 12/04/12]. Department of Work and Pensions (2011) The Work Programme. Department of Work and Pensions. Department of Work and Pensions2 (n.d) Consultations [WWW] Department of Work and Pensions. Available from: dwp.gov.uk/consultations/2012 [Accessed 12/04/12] Direct Gov (n.d) Buying your housing association home – the right to acquire scheme [WWW] Direct Gov. Available from: direct.gov.uk/en/HomeAndCommunity/BuyingAndSellingYourHome/HomeBuyingSchemes/DG_066460 [Accessed 12/04/12]. Home Office (2012) Alcohol Strategy. March 2012. London: HMSO. Marmot, M (2010) Fair Society, Healthy Lives. The Marmot Review. UCL Institute of Health Equity (2010) ‘Fair Society, Healthy Lives’ (The Marmot Review) [WWW] UCL. Available from: instituteofhealthequity.org/projects/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review [Accessed 12/04/12].

Justin Martyr Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Justin Martyr - Research Paper Example Introduction Justin is one of the most significant Greek apologists of the second century. No one actually knows his exact date and place of birth. The Apologies (the First and the Second Apology) and Dialogue may indicate his time and place of birth. Most people indicate that he was born around 100 AD. However, his place of birth is not clearly known, some indicates that Justin was born of pagan parents in Palestine around 100 A.D. and died as a martyr in 165 A. D. Others indicate that he was probably born in Flavia Neapolis (Nablus) around the same time. In the Dialogue, he narrates of his conversion to Christianity. This is after he had experimented with several Greek philosophies such as the Pythagorean, Peripatetic, and Stoic1. As a Christian, Justin continued to travel as an itinerant teacher. He was devoted to defend Christianity during his travels. Upon arrival in Rome, Justin established a school there. However, he was denounced by his adversaries and martyred in 165 along w ith other six companions. It is important to note that only three of Justin’s have survived despite the fact he was a creative writer. These works include his Dialogue with Trypho (the Jew) and his two Apologies against pagans. The Dialogue with Trypho is the most ancient apologetic against the Jews, and it was written after the two Apologies. However, a portion of the introduction has been lost2. Life Justin Martyr’s life, birth, and death details are relatively sketchy and obscure. Any understanding of Justin’s life must be assessed from various sources such as his works (the first apology, the second apology, and the dialogue with Trypho) and from ancient writers (Tatian, Irenaeus, and Eusebius) who mention Justin in their works3. Justin was born probably around 100 CE in Nablus (a Roman colony established when the Second Temple was destroyed near the Shekhem’s ruins). In the Dialogue, he asserted that he was of Samaritan origin; however, he might have been probably indicating his geographical roots. This is because he indicates in the First Apology that he belonged to one of the countries that did not get the revelation given to the Samaritans and the Jews. He also asserts that he was educated and raised as an uncircumcised pagan in the Dialogue4. Justin sought truth in four main philosophical schools (Peripatetic, Platonist, Pythagorean, and Stoic), and he was very much convinced that Christianity led to unambiguous and complete truth. After he was converted, he established an influential school in Rome. He became a devoted educator and defender for Christianity5. In the Dialogue with Tryphon, he states that he first placed himself under the Stoic. However, after sometime he recognized that he did not learn anything about God, and that his master did not have anything to teach him on the subject. The Peripatetic man welcomed him but after a while, he requested for a fee; this scenario proved to him that the man was not a philos opher. The Pythagorean man declined to teach him anything; Justin had to learn first astronomy, music, and geometry before anything else6. Finally, the Platonist delighted Justin for some time. These accounts

Concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Concert report - Essay Example s are performed outdoors, this lighting issue becomes a particular concern due to the fact that the performance is not lighted at all or incorrectly lighted; severely taking away from the more theatrical elements that the show might entail. However, as previously stated, this was not the issue at the concert which was performed September 12th. The lighting worked to augment the overall performance as it was in sync with the performance while at the same time it was not so overpowering that it took away from the overall performance. Likewise, due to the fact that concert was indoors, the sound quality was also superb. Although I fully enjoy outdoor concerts due to the surrounding nature and the feeling of being outdoors while enjoying some of my favorite music, the primary problem with such concerts (apart from the one previously mentioned) is the fact that the sound equipment has to be arranged at the front near the stage; this leads to a very one dimensional sound and is actually unbearably loud for those participants in the front area. Accordingly, when a concert is performed indoors, the audience can fully enjoy the same quality of sound at the very back of the venue due to the fact that the surround sound system is advanced enough to present the same quality sound to everyone that is at the concert. In this way, the sound quality and noise level was perfect so that it was not so unreasonably loud nor difficult to enjoy the full texture and sound of the music in various parts of the venue. Likewise, when I was there, I made my way to the front when it was time for my favorite song; even there, the sound stage had been set up in such a way that the noise level was higher but not painfully loud so that it made the experience enjoyable. Audience participation was perhaps the best part of the concert however. Even though there were several thousand people at the concert, it was not obvious to the concert goers that they were not witnessing a live intimate

Economics in Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics in Mexico - Essay Example However, the 2008 recession affected Mexico and other Latin American nations making its Gross Domestic product contract by more than six percent. Regardless of unprecedented macroeconomic stability that reduced the record of inflation and interest rates to be low, this has made the per capita income increase leading to enormous gaps between populations living in rural areas and urban areas, states on the northern part and the southern part, and between the rich and the poor. Some of the main challenge the Mexican government faces include improvement in infrastructure, modernizing revenue collection system, changing the labor laws and reduction of inequality of the income (Cantwell et al.). Mexico’s economy contains industrial and services sectors that are rapidly growing as well as an increasing private ownership; at the ports, the administration has increased competition, and other things such as distribution of natural gas rail roads, generation of electricity, airports and telecommunications have also increase. The economy of Mexico is often export oriented and over 90% of business that are conducted in Mexico are under free trade agreement with over forty countries that include Israel, Japan, Central America, etc. NAFTA is one of the most influential free trade agreements that are used in Mexico beginning 1994; some of the governments that signed into NAFTA include the United States and Canada. 90% of all the exports and 55% of all the imports that took place in 2006 was between Mexico and two northern partners; there has been an approval of the judicial reforms and import tax from the Congress of Union while the reforms regarding oil industry is still under debate. The labor force of Mexico is seventy eight million and World Trade Organization and OECD rank Mexico’s workers as one of the hardest working globally in numbers of hours worked a year although the profitability per man-hour is relatively low (Cantwell et al.). Mexico is ranked the 16th largest exporter and 82% of all the exports got to the United States, trade with both Canada and the United States has tripled after NAFTA was implemented in 1994. The products manufactured and exported from Mexico is equivalent to the amount of goods produced by all the other Latin American states combined together; hence a large percent of foreign trade takes place in Mexico’s economy as compared to any other large country. Manufactured products are Mexico’s number 1 exports and the country has recently built its infrastructure in order to enhance trade with other countries. Carlos Helu owns a telecommunication company in Mexico and is considered one of the world’s richest men; his company is however a monopoly in Mexico and it controls 70% of all mobile phones, 70% of broadband and 80% of home phones lines. There are concerns that the lack of competition in the telecommunications sector is hampering economic growth and mobile phone penetration in Mexico is similar to that of Iraq at 85%. In Mexico, its costs double to have broadband connection and this is similar to Chile, and things that are near monopolies include the Bimbo, Televisa and Cemex. Mexico is ranked the ninth in oil production and it exports over three million barrels daily; this is less than that of Iraq, Canada, and China but is more when compared to that of Nigeria, Venezuela and Kuwait. Pemex is the country’

Obama and the Presidency Essay Example for Free

Obama and the Presidency Essay It has been said that every presidential election is historical, and for all intents and purposes that is correct. But that particular statement could not have been more apt than now, with the election of Barack Obama to the presidency. The past presidential election is crucial to our country, primarily because these are extraordinary times. Along with economic recession –which has seen more and more loss of homes and jobs – there are likewise problems left by the preceding government that cannot be ignored. These factors are the root of Barack Obama’s win, and have made him the best candidate for the post. Polls conducted prior to the November 4 elections have seen Americans in the working class leaning towards Obama’s camp, and for good reason. Coupled with a clear, plausible, and practical plan which addresses the recession is the fact that Obama is someone that the average American can relate to. We’ve all heard of his life story, his background; we are aware of the obstacles he has and could have faced. There is a feeling of kinship that arises when we hear him talk of his childhood in Hawaii and Indonesia, of being raised single-handedly by his mother. As such, the average American will likely see him as not only a Harvard-educated politician, but someone who understands the plight of the less fortunate. He is seen as someone who can respond to the country’s problems skillfully and more importantly, aptly. Obama will be taking the helm of a problem-riddled government, and this is not just pertaining to the economy. The Bush administration will be leaving him with the huge responsibility of restoring not only the image of this country but more importantly, restoring peace and strengthening foreign relations with the war waged by Bush in the background. These are not easy tasks, surely; but the future seems bright for the newly-elected President. Already, foreign countries have expressed satisfaction over his election, with some even going as far as saying that his victory has been foreseen long before the beginning of the elections. Such a positive feedback is refreshing, and we can expect that with Obama at the forefront, our ties with other countries will be stronger and for some, renewed. With regard to the war, it is a good thing that at last, our brothers who are laying their lives on the line will be coming home. The war the previous administration has waged has yield nothing but negative results, and it is about time that the troops be pulled out before more blood is shed for a futile undertaking. Scores ago an African-American president would have been unthinkable; and until now, there are still traces of discrimination in this country that boasts of freedom as its most valued treasure. Obama’s historical ascent to the White House is a landmark of change and hope: change, in that he has broken the African-American stereotypical images that are still very much prevalent in society; hope, in that with his election, the remaining buds of racial discrimination will be nipped. On a grander scale, Obama’s presidency does not only signal the beginning of change (or â€Å"change we can believe in†) – it IS a symbol of change. This symbolism could not have come at a better time, not only for the American people but perhaps, for the world. On a smaller scale, Obama’s election is monumental for members of the minority – who came to this country with dreams of leading better lives – and for African-Americans, both of which are still fighting for equality in this country. It may be argued that the United States has come a long way from its history of slavery, and that racial discrimination is not as prevalent now as it was before. But it can likewise be argued that inequality is still there. With Obama’s election, the invisible barrier that has prevented these people from dreaming big and living their dreams has been shattered. How? With the mere act of electing him into office, the African-American stereotype was lifted: African-Americans can now dream of leading the most powerful country in the world – a vision that has remained unimaginable until now. And for other members of the minority – immigrants from Asia, and other countries – the election of Obama is more than welcome, what with his plans of rewriting immigration laws to see past race and country, and to look more into the abilities of those who seek refuge and chase dreams in the United States of America. As for the rest of the world, Obama’s presidency is also a hallmark of change. As said, his election to office has been welcomed by other countries, and has been met with celebration in all corners of the globe, not only for the American people but for countries that look to the President of the United States for leadership. There has not been much to look up to in the previous administration a fruitless war was waged, and bigger problems like the recession and climate change remained unanswered, or if answered, well, they were addressed unsatisfactorily. With Obama, it might be a different story. It has been reported that even hard-to-please academic analysts have hailed his election, and have provided positive feedbacks with regard to his ability to lead the nation and the rest of the world. He is not a superhero, of course, but if he follows through with his campaign promises, at least one or two of the bigger problems we – and the rest of the world – are experiencing can be solved. And that is good enough. In his speech in Chicago, Obama told more than 200,000 people gathered in Grant Park in celebration: If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. Indeed, with Obama’s election to the office of the president of the United States, history was made. More importantly, when he formally takes office on the 20th of January, he will make history. He has, after all, been dubbed as the â€Å"extraordinary man for extraordinary times†.

Dilutional Hyponatremia During Intrauterine Adhesion

Dilutional Hyponatremia During Intrauterine Adhesion Severe dilutional hyponatremia in a patient during hysteroscopic of intrauterine  adhesion : A case report YE Yuzhu, LIN Lina Abstract Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for the patients of intrauterin adhesion, but may result in potentially disastrous complication labeled transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome. Excessive absorption of large scale of distension media under high inflow pressure by openings of venous channels in endometrium, the large volume of transfusion fluid that is beyond the modulation ability of body may produce the most dangerous situation of severe hyponatremia, hypervolemia and hypoosmolality. The consequence of hysteroscopy is mainly determined by the type of distension medium, irrigation pressure,condition of endometrium, preoperative catheterization, type of electrode system and duration of the surgery. A case of hysteroscopic resection of intrauterine adhesion in which severely symptomatic hyponatremia and hypervolemia happended with epidural anesthesia is presented. Key words: Hysteroscopy, hyponatremia, distension medium, infusion pressure, TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate ) syndrome. Introduction Hysteroscopy technique in the detection and treatment of intrauterine diseases plays an dominant role because of its unique feature of minimal invasion and remains the â€Å"gold standard† mean for the diagnosis of uterine disease, but may result in potentially disastrous complication known as TURP syndrome or hyponatremia and hypervolemia. A hysteroscopy precdure requires an intrauterin installation inserting into the uterine cavity accompanied by a suitable type of distention medium including dextrose 5% in water (D5W), 2.7% sorbitol, 0.54% mannitol and saline for the visualization of intrauterine situation. The most common fluid used clinically is D5W for its distinct features of low-viscosity, electrolyte-free, safety and lower cost. TURP syndrome appears when large scale of distension media (D5W) is overly absorbed including the following clinical signs: dyspnea, headache, nausea and vomiting, coma, and even can progress to cerebaral and pulmonary edema. Signs and syndrom es are nonspecific when the conditon is in its early stages and, as a result, it’s easy to be ignored. Vigilance and communication of the whole medical team is extremely required to avoid state of illness aggravating. Early management must be rendered as soon as possible for the critically ill patients by anesthetists. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who developed TURP syndrome during hysteroscopic of intrauterine adhesion herein. 2. Case Report A 36-year-old, weight 62 kg , no medication or coexisting diseases, ASA physical status II , underwent hysteroscopy treatment because of her reiterative intrauterin adhesion during epidural anesthesia. Past surgical history revealed four times of previous hysteroscopies within the year, both of which were aimed to remedy for her secondary infertility but failed in acquiring satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. There were no positive fingds on the preoperative physical examination and normal values in laborarory results included blood routine test and plasmic electrolytes, and the concerntrations of sodium ion, potassium ion and blood glucose level were 139 mmol/L, 3.47 mmol/L and 4.0 mmol/L, respectively. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm. Upon arrival to surgical operating room, 500 ml lactated Ringers solution was dripped intravenously as maintenance fluid after standard monitors were placed. The heart rate was 76 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 18 breathes per minute and the oxygen saturation was 99%. Contiuous epidural anesthesia was performed successfully with 0.5% lidocaine and 0.375% ropivacaine 15ml totally within 15 minutes. Then the patient was placed in lithotomy position and no catheterization was offered because of the short operation period we had anticipated preoperatively although she expressed her micturition desire. The surgery initially proceeded unevenfully with very steady state of hemodynamics. 8,000 mL D5W as the irrigation fluid was delivered throught the hysteroscope by gravity pressure (60cm above the patient), and the irrigation pressure for uterine cavity distending was 150 mmHg. Monopolar electrode system was selected for endometrium resection, and controled the watts of electroresec tion and electrocoagulation within 40 60 watts and 60 80 watts, respectively. Simultaneous ultrasonographic monitoring was used to identify the sickness of uterus wall and uterine cavity size. A total of 1,000 mL of lactated Ringers solution was infused during the 70 minutes of surgery, with a total blood loss of 20 mL. Twenty minutes before the termination of surgery , the patient complainted of difficulty in breathing with simultaneous polypnea, shiver, and sensations of vertigo and nausea. Oxygen saturation dropped from 98% to 90% and recoverd soon after mask oxygen inhalation. Thereupon tramadol 50 mg was administered intravenously, and excellent effect obtained. Approximately 300 mL output of urine when the bladder was squeezed incautiously by ultrasound probe and the patient vomited once just the procedure completed. The patient appeared haziness of spirit-mind but responded appropriately to verbal stimulate. A dorsalis pedis artery blood sample was obtained from the patient , and electrolytes were reported using a blood-gas analyzing device. Results as follows: PH 7.31; Na+, 115 mmol/L; K+, 3.0mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 0.93 mmol/L; Glucose, 27.8 mmol/L; HCO3—, 18.6 mmol/L. Based on the symptoms mentioned above, TURP syndrome was suspected. An indwelling urinary catheter was inserted immediately and 1,800 mL urine output was collected totlly at twice. A mixture of 50ml 10% saline and 100ml 0.9% saline was dripped to raise sodium concentration, meanwhile metoclopramide 10 mg was used for anti-nausea. But there were no diuretic and insulin used in case of aggravating of hypokalemia. Oxygen saturation maintained in 92% after oxygen mask was removed and with a progressive rise. Vital signs on permission to PACU were as follows: blood pressure, 126/79 mmHg; heart rate, 79 beats per minute; breathing rate, 20 breaths per minute; and oxygen saturation, 96%. The patient was transported to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for continued treatments and review of blood gas analysis. On our arrival into PACU, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed when the venous transfusion of the hypertonic saline solution ended, revealing PH 7.36; Na+, 127 mmol/L; K+, 3.0mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 1.0 mmol/L; glucose, 22.9 mmol/L; HCO3—, 21.5 mmol/L; BE, -3.6 mmol/L. The patient still had low sodium and potassium level from ABG, a mixture of 100ml 10% saline and 100ml 0.9% saline containing potassium chloride 0.5 g was supplemented in low-speed intravenously. Nurse anesthetist was asked to record vital signs every 15 minutes. 16:15~18:05, the patient got her vital signs stablized gradually and oxygen staturation could maintain over 95%. Review of her blood gas analysis showed: PH 7.36; Na+, 137 mmol/L; K+, 3.4mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 1.0 mmol/L; glucose, 7.2 mmol/L; HCO3—, 23.2 mmol/L; BE, -3.6 mmol/L. The patient recieved 500 ml lactated Ringers solution totally in PACU, with a total urine output of 850 mL(data from PACU anesthetic chart), and sent back to the ordinary ward without any complaints and Alderete scores 10. 2. Discussion Hysteroscopy has gained widely used in diagnostic and therapeutic in gynecologic surgery for many special advantages, but is not devoid of risks especially when hysteroscopy is applied to resection of extensively endometrial lesion. Excessive absorption of irrigation fluid during hysteroscopic surgery from uterine cavity is the main cause of TURP syndrome or water intoxication, of which reported incidence is 0.2% [1]. The TURP syndrome mainly has clinical symptoms in cardiovascular system, respiratory system and nervous system including elevation of blood pressure, bradycardia, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, cerebral hemia and even death. The severity of consequence is associated with multiple factors, analysis of this case were as follows. The patient’s uterine cavity has low compliance and severe adhesion, so an intrauterine pressure (IUP) of 150 mmHg is required to obtain excellent visual conditions of bilateral tubal orifices. 8,000 mL D5W as the irrigation fluid is delivered i nto uterine for uterine distension in 70 minutes operation time. Based on clinical research, the absorptivity of distension media by body is within the range of 10 30 ml/min only when the irrigation pressure is less than 100 mmHg [2]. Therefore, we estimated 700 2,100 mL D5W is absorbed into circulatory system approximately, along with an infusion of 1,000 mL lactated Ringers solution. As a result, 1,700 3,100 mL is administered into blood intravenously at least, and even more. Hyperglycemia caused by excessive absorption of D5W produces hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status and then makes intracellular fluid transfers to outside the cell, which bings about exacerbating of hyponatremia status. The patient received high frequency hysteroscopy procedure in the short term leads to large-scale and severe damage of endometrium, allowing the distension fluid entering into blood circulation more easily, which contributes to hypervolemia in a more faster pace. As one of essential factors, ex cessive irrigation pressure plays a crucial role in distension fuild over absorption in the condition that endometrial venous sinus are widely open in hysteroscopic electric resection. In our case, we have to raise the pressure to 150 mmHg for a clear surgical vision of uterine cavity, therefore, rendering excellent chance for fluid entering into body. No catheterization was performed preoperatively, thus a large amount of fluid accumulates in bladder and circulation system. To sum up, in this case, fluid overload, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status, high intrauterine pressure, disruption of endometrial vessles and lack of preoperative catheterization lead to a significant increasement of circulating volume and a sharply reduce of plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Extracellular free water in brain are transported from the outside to the inside of the cell, which results in cerebral edema and causes intracranial hypertension. A serious of neurological syndromes develop including dizzin ess, headache, nausea, vomiting, and haziness of spirit-mind. Likewise, as a consequence of irrigation fluid overload and dilution of the plasma protein concentration, pulmonary hydrostatic pressure elevated, leading to the accurrence of acute pulmonary edema and pulmonary interstitial edema. The ventilation/perfusion imbalance occurs, and then manifests in dyspnea, hypoxemia and a sustained downward trend of oxygen saturation, etc. Timely recognition and urgent corresponding treatment measures should be taken in the early course of water intoxication to prevent the condition deteriorated. In a general way, for every liter of hypotonic fluid absorbed, the serum sodium concentration will decrease by 10 mmol/L(10 mEq/L) [3]. The result of ABG analysis of the patient’s dorsalis pedis artery blood sample indicates severe hyponatremia (Na+ à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚  à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ©Ã‚ -à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ §Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¥Ã… ¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³Ã‚ »Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §-†¡(à ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã…’à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã†â€™Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã… ½Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã…’à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ 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Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾1000 à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã… ¾2000 ml à ¦- ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…“à ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯:Issacson KBà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ Complications of hysteroscopyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ »Jà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’1999à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’26(1):39à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ 51à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ )à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã‚ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚   à §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã‚ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ §Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 4à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ©Ã… ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ¶Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ µÃƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ à ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã…’-à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦- ©Ãƒ ¦Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã… ½Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §-†¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦- ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦- ©Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ²Ã‚ »Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ©Ã‹Å" ²Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¦Ã†â€™Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 5à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½ à ¥Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ »Ãƒ §Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ·Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã…’-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤-à §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã…’†¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ TURPà §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚  à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‹â€ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¾Ã…“à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ…  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦- ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…   à ¦- ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ©Ã‹Å" ²Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Reference [1] Jansen FW, Verdevoogd CB, Ulzen KV, et al. Complications of hysteroscopy: aprospective multicenter study [J], Obstet Gynecol, 2000, 96 (2): 266 270. [2] Rhymer JS, Bell TS, Perry KC, et al. Hyponatremia following transurethral resection of the postate [J].Br Jurol, 1985, 57(4): 450à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ 452. [3] Prost AM, Liberman RF, Harlow BL, Ginsburg ES. Complication of hysteroscopic surgery: predincting patients at risk. Obster Gynccol. 2000; 96:517-520 [4] Cooper JM Brady RM. Intraoperative and early post-operative complications of operative hysteroscopy. Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics of North America 2000; 27: 347-365 [5]Romer T. Benefit of GnRH analogene treatment for hysteroscopic surgery in patients with bleeding disorders [J].Gynecol.Obstet Invest,2003,50:112-120. [6]Murdoch JA. Tong JG. Anesthesia for hysteroscopy. 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